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The invaders found Desiderius ready for them, entrenched at Susa; they turned his flank and put the Lombard army to utter rout. Paul Afiarta, the papal chamberlain, detected performing as the Lombard's secret agent, was seized and put to dying. The new pope was virtually immediately assailed by the Lombard king, who seized three minor cities of the Patrimony of St. Peter, threatened Ravenna itself, and set about organizing a plot within the Curia. The nearest and most menacing neighbour of St. Peter's Patrimony was Desidarius (Didier), King of the Lombards, and it was with this potentate that the dowager Bertha had arranged a matrimonial alliance for her elder son. But Pepin and سعر الذهب اليوم في كندا Charles pre-deceased the emperor, and in 813 the magnates of the empire did homage at Aachen to Louis the Pious as King of the Franks, and future sole ruler of the good imperial state. If you happen to don’t claim it, the money goes to the state.

The Lombard army superior towards Rome, however quailed before the spiritual weapons of the Church, whereas Adrian despatched a legate into Gaul to claim the aid of the Patrician. Soon after Christmas Charles withdrew from the siege a portion of the army which he employed in the seize of Verona. Leaving all the cities of the plains to their fate, Desiderius rallied part of his forces in Pavia, his walled capital, whereas his son Adalghis, with the remaining, occupied Verona. In defiance of the pope's protest (PL 98:250), Charles married Desiderata, daughter of Desiderius (770), three years later he repudiated her and married Hildegarde, the beautiful Swabian. German anti-Nazi organisation that operated in the Soviet Union in the final two years of the warfare. But Desiderius refused the cash, and as Charles' commissioners reported in favour of Adrian, the one course left was war. Before taking up arms for the Holy See, therefore, he sent commissioners into Italy to make enquiries and when Desiderius pretended that the seizure of the papal cities was in impact solely the legal foreclosure of a mortgage, Charles promptly supplied to redeem them by a cash fee.

While he was still in Italy the Saxons, irritated however not subdued by the fate of Eresburg and of Irminsul had risen in arms, harried the nation of the Hessian Franks, and burned many churches; that of St. Boniface at Fritzlar, being of stone, had defeated their efforts. He made his first expedition into their country in July, 772, took Eresburg by storm, أسعار الذهب اليوم and burned Irminsul. Their language seems to have been very like that spoken by the Egberts and Ethelreds of Britain, but the work of their Christian cousin, St. Boniface, had not affected them as yet; they worshipped the gods of Walhalla, united in solemn sacrifice generally human to Irminsul (Igdrasail), the sacred tree which stood at Eresburg, and had been nonetheless slaying Christian missionaries when their kinsmen in Britain had been holding church synods and constructing cathedrals. Thus it was that Charles, resting at Thionville after his Saxon marketing campaign, was urgently reminded of the rough work that awaited his hand south of the Alps. Charles, having been joined by Duke Bernhard, took the forsaken cities on his approach after which fully invested Pavia (September, 773), whence Otger, the faithful attendant of Gerberga, might look with trembling upon the array of his countrymen.

His coronation because the successor of Constantine did not take place till twenty-six years later, however his consecration as first champion of the Catholic Church befell at Easter, 774. Soon after this (June, 774) Pavia fell, Desiderius was banished, Adalghis turned a fugitive at the Byzantine courtroom, and Charles, assuming the crown of Lombardy, renewed to Adrian the donation of territory made by Pepin the Short after his defeat of Aistulph. The subsequent twenty years of Charles' life may be thought of as one long warfare. Charles might brook neither their predatory habits nor their heathenish intolerance; it was inconceivable, furthermore, to make permanent peace with them while they adopted the outdated Teutonic life of free village communities. He didn't take it without any consideration that the correct was all upon Adrian's side; in addition to, he might have seen here a chance make some amends for his repudiation of the Lombard princess. Gerberga and her kids fled to the Lombard courtroom of Pavia.

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